{"id":1824,"date":"2014-11-25T11:12:49","date_gmt":"2014-11-25T11:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/\/wpweb\/?page_id=1824"},"modified":"2020-10-29T09:20:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T09:20:14","slug":"els-sensors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/divulgacio\/equipaments-meteorologics\/estacions-meteorologiques-automatiques\/xarxa-destacions-meteorologiques-automatiques-xema\/els-sensors\/","title":{"rendered":"Els sensors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Principis de funcionament dels sensors de les EMA per a cada variable meteorol\u00f2gica:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><b>Temperatura de l\u2019aire:<\/b> la temperatura fa que vari\u00ef la resist\u00e8ncia d\u2019una sonda de plat\u00ed normalitzada de 100 (Pt100) o 1000 (Pt1000) ohms a 0 \u00baC.<\/li><li><b>Humitat relativa de l\u2019aire:<\/b> la humitat relativa fa variar les propietats diel\u00e8ctriques d\u2019un material s\u00f2lid, higrosc\u00f2pic, habitualment un pol\u00edmer.<\/li><li><b>Direcci\u00f3 del vent:<\/b> el gir del penell fa variar la resist\u00e8ncia d\u2019un o dos potenci\u00f2metres instal\u00b7lats en el sensor. En el cas dels sensors d\u2019ultrasons es calcula a partir del temps emprat en rebre un determinat impuls d\u2019ultrasons en diverses direccions.<\/li><li><b>Velocitat del vent:<\/b> el gir de l\u2019eix de l\u2019anem\u00f2metre crea un corrent el\u00e8ctric, mitjan\u00e7ant un generador, que ens permet con\u00e8ixer el n\u00famero de voltes en un per\u00edode determinat i calcular la velocitat del vent. En el cas dels anem\u00f2metres d\u2019ultrasons es calcula a partir del temps emprat en rebre un determinat impuls d\u2019ultrasons en diverses direccions.<\/li><li><b>Irradian\u00e7a solar global:<\/b> els piran\u00f2metres es basen en l\u2019efecte termoel\u00e8ctric, pel qual es genera electricitat (gr\u00e0cies a termopiles formades per termoparells) a partir de la difer\u00e8ncia de temperatura entre diverses zones de l\u2019aparell. El disc cer\u00e0mic central es pinta de blanc o a franges blanques i negres (tipus black and white, B&amp;W).<\/li><li><b>Precipitaci\u00f3:<\/b> en els pluvi\u00f2metres de balanc\u00ed la precipitaci\u00f3 fa bolcar successivament un balanc\u00ed de doble cullereta cada vegada que es recullen, segons l\u2019aparell, uns 0.1 o 0.2 mm. En els pluvi\u00f2metres de pesada, tal com el seu nom indica, es pesa la precipitaci\u00f3 captada pel recipient de l\u2019aparell.<\/li><li><b>Pressi\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica:<\/b> les variacions de pressi\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica incideixen en un sensor piezoresistiu o capacitiu de silici, o en un cristall de quars ressonador.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Sensors de les EMA :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-2-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"160\" height=\"46\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors01.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor de temperatura \" class=\"wp-image-2234\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Sensor de temperatura Pt100 o Pt1000<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors03.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors03.jpg\" alt=\"pluvi\u00f2metre de pesada\" class=\"wp-image-2236\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Pluvi\u00f2metre de pesada<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors05.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors05.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor velocitat i direcci\u00f3 del vent d'ultrasons\" class=\"wp-image-2239\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Sensor d\u2019ultrasons de direcci\u00f3 i velocitat del vent<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors07.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors07.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor de la direcci\u00f3 del vent, penell\" class=\"wp-image-2241\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Penell. Sensor de direcci\u00f3 del vent<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors09.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"160\" height=\"91\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors09.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor de la pressi\u00f3 atomosf\u00e8rica. Bar\u00f2metre\" class=\"wp-image-2243\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Bar\u00f2metre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"160\" height=\"129\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors02.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor de temperatura i humitat\" class=\"wp-image-2235\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Sensor de temperatura i humitat relativa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"160\" height=\"129\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors04.jpg\" alt=\"Pluvi\u00f2metre de balanc\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-2238\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Pluvi\u00f2metre de balanc\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors06.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor de velocitat del vent, anem\u00f2metre\" class=\"wp-image-2240\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Anem\u00f2metre. Sensor de velocitat del vent<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors08.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100\" height=\"127\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors08.jpg\" alt=\"Anemopenell\" class=\"wp-image-2242\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Anemopenell. Sensor de velocitat i direcci\u00f3 del vent<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"160\" height=\"64\" src=\"https:\/\/static-m.meteo.cat\/wordpressweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/25111249\/sensors10.jpg\" alt=\"Sensor d'irradi\u00e0n\u00e7a solar global. Piran\u00f2metre\" class=\"wp-image-2244\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Piran\u00f2metre d&#8217;irradian\u00e7a global<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Principis de funcionament dels sensors de les EMA per a cada variable meteorol\u00f2gica: Temperatura de l\u2019aire: la temperatura fa que vari\u00ef la resist\u00e8ncia d\u2019una sonda de plat\u00ed normalitzada de 100 (Pt100) o 1000 (Pt1000) ohms a 0 \u00baC. Humitat relativa de l\u2019aire: la humitat relativa fa variar les propietats diel\u00e8ctriques d\u2019un material s\u00f2lid, higrosc\u00f2pic, habitualment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":1813,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"template-sidebar.php","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1824"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1824"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29730,"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1824\/revisions\/29730"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meteo.cat\/wpweb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}